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Objective To explore the expression and clinical significance of secretagogne (SCGN) in neuroendocrinal tumors.Methods Immunohistochemistry was applied for detecting expression of SCGN,chromogranin A (CgA),synaptophysin (Syn) and neuronspecific enolase (NSE) in 45 cases of neuroendocrinal tumors.The difference between the expression of SCGN and the remaining indicators were compared.And different expression profiles of SCGN between groups categorized by sex,age and degree of differentiation were also compared.Results The positive expression rate of SCGN,CgA,Syn and NSE in neuroendocrinal tumors was 95.56％ (43/45),100.00％ (45/45),46.67％ (21/45) and 88.89％ (40/45) respectively,and the differences among them were statistically significant(P ＜ 0.01).Expression of SCGN was not correlated with the patient's sex,age and degree of differentiation (P＞ 0.05).Conclusions Most cases of neuroendocrinal tumors are positive for SCGN and SCGN is more sensitive than CgA.Syn is the most sensitive one for diagnosis of neuroendocrinal tumors.SCGN can be seen as a novel neuroendocrinal marker in the clinical diagnosis of neuroendocrinal tumors.
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ObjectiveTo compare the effects of Qishen Fukang capsules and Fluoxetine on cognitive function in first-episode depressions.MethodsBetween December 2011 and January 2012,63 depressed patients with first-episode from Center for Mental Disease Control and Prevention of Third Hospital of PLA were enrolled,and were divided randomly into the Qishen Fukang capsules-treated group ( Chinese medicine group,CMG,31 cases) and fluoxetine treated group (Western medicine group,WMG,32 cases; Jiangsu changzhou pharmaceutical Co.,LTD production) by the method of the random number table.The therapeutic dose was oral 0.2～0.6 g (three times/d) for each CMG patient,and morning oral 20～40 (20 ± 5) mg/d for each WMG patient.Meanwhile,each patient was given the short - term small dosesof benzodiazepine drugs,but no other antidepressants.Each patient and control was assessed with 17-item Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD).A total of 32 healthy subjects were involved as control group.Each patient was measured with evoked event-related potential P300 change before and after 6 weeks treatment.And compared the effects of Qishen Fukang capsules and Fluoxetine on cognitive function in first-episode depressions before and after treatment.Results(1) Compared with prior-treatment [ CMG ( 29.1 ± 5.1 )score vs WMG(29.0 ± 4.5)score],the HAMD scores of post-treatment [ CMG( 10.1 ± 3.2) score vs WMG (12.3 ± 3.4) score] were decreased significantly ( P＜0.05).The HAMD scores in CMG were significantly lower than the WMG( P＜0.05).The HAMD reductive rate in CMG was significantly higher than the WMG [ (65.6 ± 2.1 ) ％ vs (57.9 ± 3.2 ) ％,P ＜ 0.05 ].(2)compared with prior-treatment,the latency periods of post-treatment were shortened[ P2 (152.8 ± 54.1)ms vs (208.9 ± 57.6)ms,(174.5 ±63.2)ms vs (207.3 ± 55.8) ms;N2(208.7 ± 57.9)ms vs (273.4 ± 62.0) ms,(239.2 ± 59.2) ms vs (275.6 ± 60.8)ms; P3(319.1 ±60.2)ms vs (396.3 ± 66.3)ms,(315.6 ± 61.1)ms vs (394.7 ±55.6)ms ],while the amplitudes were prolonged [ P2 (7.8 ± 1.7 ) μV vs ( 3.3 ± 1.2 ) μV,( 7.0 ± 1.4 ) μV vs (3.4±1.4)μV; N2 (3.6±1.4)μV vs (1,0±0.7)μV,(2.4±1.3)μV vs (1.2 ± 1.0)μV; P3 (9.6±2.2)μV vs (4.5 ± 1.0)μV,(7.5 ±2.2)μV vs (4.6 ± 1.2)μV] in the CMG and WMG (all P ＜0.05).Compared with the CMG,the latency periods of F2,and N2 were signiflcantly longer (all P ＜ 0.05 ),and the latency period of p3 was no difference ( P＞0.05 ),and the amplitudes of N2,and P3 were lower ( all P ＜ 0.05 ),and the amplitude of P2 was no difference ( P＞0.05 ) in the post-treatment of WMG.(3)Compared with the controls,the latency periods of P2,N2,and P3 were shortened,while the amplitudes were prolonged in the post-treatment of CMG and WMG ( all P ＜ 0.05 ).The latency periods and amplitudes of P2,N2,and P3 did not show any difference in the CMG after treatment ( all P ＞ 0.05).The latency period of P2,and N2 were still significantly longer (all＜0.05) and the latency period of P3 was no difference ( P＞0.05) while the amplitude of P2,N2,and P3 were still significantly lower (all P ＜ 0.05) in the post-treatment of WMG.ConclusionsQishen Fukang capsules and Fluoxetine can improve significantly cognitive function in first-episode depressions.Qishen Fukang capsules is superior to fluoxetine on improving the early preparation efficiency of information processing.
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Objective: To investigate the effects of complex prescription astragalus mongholicus injection(复方黄芪注射液) on the serum concentrations of neuron-specific enolase(NSE),myelin basic protein(MBP) and S100 protein B(S100B) in cases with acute severe craniocerebral injury.Methods: One hundred and ninety-six patients with acute severe craniocerebral injury were randomly divided into two groups.The treated group was treated with complex prescription astragalus mongholicus injection plus conventional treatments including dehydration,antibiotics,organ functional support,nerve nutrition,prevention of complication,etc;the control group was treated with conventional treatments alone.The concentrations of NSE,MBP and S100B in plasma at admission and at 4,7 and 10 days after treatment were determined;the Glasgow coma score(GCS) at admission and at 1 week and 2 weeks after hospitalization and the Glasgow outcome scale(GOS) after 3 months were compared to observe the long-term efficacy in the patients.Results: After treatment,the concentrations of serum NSE,MBP and S100B in the treatment group were all lower than those in the control group,the differences being significant(NSE(14.62?3.38)?g/L vs.(21.54?5.68) ?g/L,MBP(7.52?1.06) mg/L vs.(10.21?2.01) mg/L,S100B(0.90?0.28) ?g/L vs.(1.20?0.34) ?g/L,all P0.05);the GCSs of the patients at 1 week,2 weeks and GOS at 3 months after treatment in the complex prescription astragalus mongholicus injection group were significantly higher than those in the control group(GCS, 1 week(9.8?2.6)score vs.(7.2?2.1) score,2 weeks(10.6?3.0) score vs.(7.8?2.2) score;GOS,3 months after treatment(4.8?1.0) score vs.(3.6?0.8) score,all P
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BACKGROUND: Astragalus membranaceus plays an important role in the adjustment of immunological function. Whether does it have protective effect on neuron in the intervention of acute craniocerebral injury and what is the pathway in effect?OBJECTIVE: To observe the effect of astragalus membranaceus on activity of nitric oxide synthetase after brain injury.DEDIGN: Randomized controlled trial.SETTING: Neurosurgery institute of Lanzhou Military Area Command of Chinese PLA.MATERIALS: This experiment was completed in the Laboratory of Neurosurgery Institute of Lanzhou Military Area Command of Chinese PLA. Fifty-four healthy SD rats were divided randomly into 3 groups: brain injury group( n=24), astragalus membranaceus group( n = 24) and control group( n = 6). Injury and astragalus membranaceus groups were sampled at 4different time points(0.5 hour, 2 hours, 6 hours, and 24 hours) after injury,6 rats were sacrificed at each time point.METHODS: The brain injury and astragalus membranaceus groups were prepared by improved Feeney' s free falling method. Bone windows were opened for the control group, but no brain injury produced. After injury, rats in astragalus membranaceus group were immediately injected 200 mg/kg astragalus membranaceus intraperitoneally rat cerebral injury models were established and the nitric oxide synthetase concentration was tested at different time points.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Activity of nitric oxide synthetase in the brain tissue of rats in each group.RESULTS: All 54 rats entered the final analysis. Nitric oxide synthetase activity in brain injury and astragalus membranaceus groups increased sharply contrasting with control group at 30 minute after injury [ (46.44 ± 13.45),(43.15 ± 12.43), (40. 46 ± 12. 85) nkat/L, P ＜0.05], reaching the peak at 2hours[ (67.49 ± 22.45), (64. 26 ± 19.78) nkat/L, P ＜ 0.01 ], starting to drop from6 hours [(63.46±24. 68), (52.91 ±21.36) nkat/L, P ＜0. 01], and getting to basic level at 24 hours[ (41.23 ± 12. 57), (40.92 ± 12. 25) nkat/L,P ＞ 0.05 ]. In the astragalus membranaceus treated group, nitric oxide synthetase activity dropped at 2 hours and 6 hours after injury contrasting with injury group( P ＜ 0. 05, P ＜ 0. 01 respectively).CONCLUSION: Nitric oxide synthetase activity increases in the injured brain tissue and astragalus membranaceus can protect injured neuron by inhibiting nitric oxide synthetase activity.